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| 1492 |
| | | A French privateer off the west coast of Ghana is the first to plunder a Portuguese vessel carrying home African gold | |
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| 1534 |
| | | French explorer Jacques Cartier charts the Gulf of St Lawrence and, in 1525, explores up the river as far as Montreal | |
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| 1535 |
| | | Cartier, welcomed by the Huron Indians, gives their island in the St Lawrence river the name of Montreal | |
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| 1608 |
| | | Quebec is founded by Samuel de Champlain as a centre for the French fur trade | |
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| c. 1630 |
| | | Rival Dutch, English and French colonies are established in Guiana, the northeast coast of south America | |
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| 1638 |
| | | The French build a trading station on the estuary of the Senegal river in west Africa | |
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| 1660 |
| | | Louis XIV grants New France the status of a royal province and greatly increases the flow of colonists to north America | |
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| 1668 |
| | | The Jesuits establish a mission at Sault Sainte Marie which becomes the starting point for French exploration south of the Great Lakes | |
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| 1669 |
| | | Robert de La Salle makes his first exploration of the Ohio valley, providing the basis for France's later claim to the area | |
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| 1682 |
| | | Robert de la Salle travels down the Mississippi to its mouth and claims the entire region for France, naming it Louisiana | |
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